Drivers Autotronic Controls Port Devices



-->Autotronic

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Drivers for devices that can transfer large amounts of data at a time should use direct I/O for those transfers. Using direct I/O for large transfers improves a driver's performance, both by reducing its interrupt overhead and by eliminating the memory allocation and copying operations inherent in buffered I/O.

Generally, mass-storage device drivers request direct I/O for transfer requests, including lowest-level drivers that use direct memory access (DMA) or programmed I/O (PIO), as well as any intermediate drivers chained above them.

The I/O manager determines that an I/O operation is using direct I/O as follows:

  • For IRP_MJ_READ and IRP_MJ_WRITE requests, DO_DIRECT_IO is set in the Flags member of the DEVICE_OBJECT structure. For more information, see Initializing a Device Object.

  • For IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL and IRP_MJ_INTERNAL_DEVICE_CONTROL requests, the IOCTL code's value contains METHOD_IN_DIRECT or METHOD_OUT_DIRECT as the TransferType value in the IOCTL value. For more information, see Defining I/O Control Codes.

Drivers that use direct I/O will sometimes also use buffered I/O to handle some IRPs. In particular, drivers typically use buffered I/O for some I/O control codes for IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL requests that require data transfers, regardless of whether the driver uses direct I/O for read and write operations.

Setting up a direct I/O transfer varies slightly, depending on whether DMA or PIO is being used. For more information, see:

Drivers Autotronic Controls Port Devices

Drivers Autotronic Controls Port Devices Compatible

Drivers must take steps to maintain cache coherency during DMA and PIO transfers. For more information, see Maintaining Cache Coherency.